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Botanical Name: Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. vulgare var. vulgare Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). Synonyms: F. officinale ; F. capillaceum ; Anethum foeniculum ; fenkel; Roman fennel. Origin: Native to the Mediterranean region. Grows wild or cultivated all over the world-Central Europe, India, Argentina, United States. Only the cultivated plant is used for oil production. Germany, France, Hungary, Bulgaria, Italy, India are the major oil producers. Botanical Description: A n erect, robust, perennial plant growing up to 2 meter (6 ft) high. Has fine feathery leaves with golden flowers borne in distinctive umbels. The leaf stalks form sheaths around the thick stems. Oil Extraction: Essential oil is obtained by steam distillation of the dried, comminuted seeds. The oil is colorless to pale yellow mobile liquid. Yield 2.5 to 6.5%. Aroma Profile: Has a warm, camphoraceous-earthy top note. The middle note is sweet, anisic, and spicy. The dry out is tenacious woody, dry-anisic. Major Constituents: trans-anethole (30 to 75%), limonene, fenchone, α-pinene, methyl chavicol. Adulterants: Star anise oil, sweet fennel oil. Regulatory Status: GRAS 182.10. Aromatherapy: Balancing, soothing, normalizing, gently clarifying, calming, and relaxing. Blends well with: Lavender, geranium, rose, sandalwood. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant, possible-sensitizing in some individuals.
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